The National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) is a significant initiative approved by the Indian government to achieve self-reliance in critical minerals. With an outlay of ₹34,300 crore over seven years, the mission aims to reduce India's dependence on imports and support the country's transition to green energy. Critical minerals such as copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements are essential for clean energy technologies, including wind turbines, electric vehicles, and battery manufacturing. The mission encompasses all stages of the value chain, from mineral exploration and mining to beneficiation, processing, and recovery from end-of-life products. By intensifying exploration within the country and offshore areas, the NCMM aims to create a fast-track regulatory approval process for critical mineral mining projects. Financial incentives will be provided to promote exploration activities and the recovery of these minerals from overburden and tailings. To further support the mission, the government encourages Indian public sector enterprises and private companies to acquire critical mineral assets abroad and enhance trade with resource-rich countries. The NCMM also proposes the development of stockpiles of critical minerals within the country and the establishment of mineral processing parks. Additionally, the mission supports the recycling of critical minerals and promotes research in critical mineral technologies. The NCMM adopts a whole-of-government approach, working closely with relevant ministries, public sector undertakings, private companies, and research institutions to achieve its objectives. The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has undertaken numerous exploration projects for critical minerals, with plans to take up more projects in the coming years. The mission aligns with the government's broader vision of making India a low-carbon economy and fostering innovation in high-tech industries. In summary, the National Critical Mineral Mission is a comprehensive and ambitious plan to secure India's supply of critical minerals, support the green energy transition, and promote self-reliance in the critical minerals sector. By addressing the entire value chain and fostering collaboration between various stakeholders, the mission aims to position India as a leader in the sustainable and responsible use of critical minerals.