In 1919 Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed. The Act curbed the Fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammad Jinnah and other felt that the government had no right to restrict people's basic freedoms. They criticized the Act as "devilish" and tyrannical. Gandhiji asked the Indian people to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of non- violant opposition of this Act, as a day of "humiliation and prayer" and hartal (strike). Satyagraha Sabhas were set up to launch the movement. The Rowlett Satyagraha turned out to be a first all-India struggle against the British government although it was largely restricted to cities. In April 1919 there were a number of demonstration and hartals in the country and the government used brutal measures to suppress them. The Jallianwala Bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day (13 April), were a part of this repression. On learning about the massacre, Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood. During the Rowlett Satyagraha the participants tried to ensure that the Hindus and Muslims were united in the fight against British rule. This was also the call of Mahatma Gandhi who always saw India as a land of all the people who lived in the country - Hindus, Muslims and those of other religions. He was keen that Hindus and Muslims support each other in any just cause. The Khilafat issue was one such cause. In 1920 the British impose a harsh treaty on the Turkish Sultan or Khalifa. People were furious about this as they had been about the Jallianwala Massacre. Also, Indian Muslims were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman empire. The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, now wished to initiate a full-fledged Non- Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji supported their call and urged the Congress to campaign against "Punjab wrongs" (Jallianwala massacre), the Khilafat wrong and demand swaraj.