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TEST 1 By Dikshitendra

created Sep 25th 2020, 17:43 by DIKSHITENDRAJHA


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399 words
17 completed
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The Saiyid brothers made a vigorous effort to contain rebellions and to save
the Empire from administrative disintegration. They failed in these tasks mainly
because they were faced with constant political rivalry, quarrels, and conspiracies
at the court. This continued friction in the ruling circles disorganized and even
paralyzed administration at all levels. Lawlessness and disorder spread
everywhere. The financial position of the state deteriorated rapidly as zamindars
and rebellious elements refused to pay land revenue, officials misappropriated
state revenues, and central income declined because of the spread of revenue
farming. As a result, the salaries of the officials and soldiers could not be paid
regularly and the soldiers became undisciplined and even mutinous.
Even though the Saiyid brothers had tried hard to conciliate and befriend all
sections or the nobility, a powerful group of nobles headed by Nizam-ul-Mulk and his
father's cousin Muhammad Amin Khan began to conspire against them. These nobles
were jealous of the growing power of the two brothers. The deposition and murder of
Farrukh Siyar frightened many of them: if the Emperor could be, killed, what safety
was there for mere nobles? Moreover, the murder of the Emperor created a wave of
public revulsion against the two brothers. They were looked down upon as traitors—
persons who had not been „true to their salt‟ (namak haram). Many of the nobles of
Aurangzeb‟s reign also disliked the Saiyid alliance with the Rajput and the Maratha
chiefs and their liberal policy towards the Hindus. These nobles declared that the
Saiyids were following anti-Mughal and anti-Islamic policies. They thus tried to
arouse the fanatical sections of the Muslim, nobility against the Saiyid brothers. The
anti-Saiyid nobles were supported by Emperor Muhammad Shah who wanted to free
himself from the control of the two brothers.
As a result of the invasions of Nadir Shah and Abdali and the suicidal internal feuds
of the Mughal nobility, the Mughal Empire had by 1761 ceased to exist in practice as
an all-India Empire. It remained merely as the Kingdom of Delhi. Delhi itself was a
scene of „daily not and tumult‟. The descendants of the Grand Mughals no longer
participated actively in the struggle for the Empire of India, but the various contenders
for power found it politically useful to hide behind their name. This gave to the
Mughal dynasty a long lease life on the nominal throne of Delhi.

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